Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
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Webb, P. W. (1986). Kinematics of lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, at cruising speeds. Cannadian Journal of Zoology. 64:2137-2141.
Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, 15.7 cm in total length, have a 2-min critical swimming speed of 38.6 plus or minus 4.2 cm multiplied by s-1 (2.45 body lengths multiplied by s-1) at 15 °C. Tail beat frequency (f, Hz), amplitude (a, cm), and propulsive wavelength (lambda , cm) increased linearly with swimming speed (U, cm multiplied by s-1), according to the following equations: f = 1.67 + 0.07U, a = 3.2 + 0.020U, and lambda = 11.0 + 0.039U. Tail depth and the cosine of the angle of the tail with the axis of motion were independent of swimming speed with mean values of 1.98 plus or minus 0.08 cm and 0.7 plus or minus 0.08, respectively. Swimming kinematics were generally similar to those of teleosts and anuran implying that body and caudal fin propulsive movements are conservative among actinopterygians and tetrapods.