Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
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Seeb, J. E., L. W. Seeb, D. W. Oates and F. M. Utter (1987). Genetic variation and postglacial dispersal of populations of northern pike Esox lucius in North America. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 44:556-561.
The authors studied the genetic relationships and postglacial dispersal of northern pike Esox lucius populations in North America using allozyme data. Allelic products of up to 65 protein coding loci were examined in eight populations: five from drainages in western Canada; two from the Missouri River drainage, and one from the upper Mississippi River drainage. Only two polymorphic loci were identified, Est-1 and Ck-1, and the average observed heterozygosity was only 0.001. All of the populations from the drainages in western Canada and the Missouri River were genetically identical. The Mississippi River population was unique, expressing Ck-1(140), an allele nearly absent in all other populations, at a frequency of 0.99.