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Rajaratnam, N., C. Katopodis and A. Mainali (1988). Plunging and streaming flows in pool and weir fishways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 114:939-944.
A pool-and-weir fishway consists of a number of pools formed by a series of weirs. It is known that the flow over the weirs can be either in the plunging or streaming mode. When the flow is in the plunging mode, the water level in the pool immediately below the weir is generally below the crest of the weir. In the streaming flow mode, a surface stream appears to flow over the crest of the weirs, skimming over the water surface in the pools in between. For pool-weir fishways in the plunging flow regime, a simple weir analysis has been found to be adequate with the dimensionless discharge Q sub + = 0.61. For the surface streaming state, the dimensionless discharge Q sub was found to be equal to 1.5 x the square root of (L/d), where L is the length of the pool and d is the depth of the surface stream. A criterion has been established to predict the transition from plunging to surface streaming state.
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