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Raibley, P. T., D. Blodgett and R. E. Sparks (1995). Evidence of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella reproduction in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi Rivers. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 10:65-74.
Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella is an exotic species which was imported into the United States in 1963 to control aquatic vegetation. Individuals escaped from ponds and subsequently spread into streams in the Mississippi River basin. The authors have been collecting grass carp in the Illinois River since 1990, and some of their associates have also collected grass carp in other portions of the upper Mississippi River system. The presence of juveniles and adults in the collections makes it appear that grass carp are reproducing in the Illinois River, and their larvae are finding suitable nursery areas in backwaters. Naturalized, reproducing grass carp populations probably exist as far north as 209 km into the Illinois River.
U.S. Department of the Interior |
U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/URL: http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/data_library/fisheries/fish_passage/raibley.html
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