Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
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Jennings, C. A. and D. M. Wilson (1993). Spawning activity of paddlefish Polyodon spathula in the lower Black River, Wisconsin. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 8:261-262.
We present indirect evidence of successful paddlefish Polyodon spathula reproduction in 1989 and 1991 in the lower Black River, Wisconsin, about 5 km upstream of the confluence with the Upper Mississippi River. This is the first indication of successful reproduction by paddlefish at the northern end of its range in the central United States.