Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

UMESC - Wildlife Toxicology - Study site locations: Minnesota - Trace elements in tree swallows
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Wildlife Toxicology

Study site locations: Minnesota -Trace elements in tree swallows

Concentrations of all trace elements were at background concentrations in tree swallows, however, this dataset allowed for a determination of normal variation among years.  There was no effect of a water-level drawdown on trace element concentrations.

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Custer, C.M., T. W. Custer, D. Warburton, D. J. Hoffman, J. W. Bickham, and C. W. Matson. 2006. Trace element concentrations and bioindicator responses in tree swallows from northwestern Minnesota.  Environ. Monitor. Assess. 118:247-266.


Page Last Modified: April 3, 2018