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Wildlife Toxicology

Study site locations: Minnesota -Trace elements in moose

Copper concentrations in moose livers were adequate (based on information developed for cattle) in only 30% of animals. Copper deficiency, which has been associated with population declines of moose in Alaska and Sweden, may be a factor contributing to the decline of moose in northwestern Minnesota.

Custer, T. W., E. Cox, and B. R. Gray.  2004.  Trace elements in moose (Alces alces) found dead in northwestern Minnesota, USA.  Science of the Total Environment 330:81-87.

Murray, D. L., E. W. Cox, W. A. Ballard, H. A. Whitlaw, M. S. Lenarz, T. W. Custer, T. Barnett, and T. K. Fuller.  2006.  Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population.  Wildlife Monographs 166: 1-30.

Page Last Modified: April 3, 2018