John C NelsonLarry RobinsonJoe Jakusz20130402Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon)In the late 1880's and early 1900's the Mississippi River Commission (MRC) conducted an extensive high-resolution survey of the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois to Minneapolis, Minnesota. These data were published as a series of 89 survey maps and index. In the 1990's, the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) in conjunction with the US Army Corps of Engineers Upper Mississippi River Restoration- Environmental Management Program -- Long Term Resource Monitoring Program element (LTRMP) for the Upper Mississippi River automated the maps' land cover/use symbology to create a turn of the century/pre-impoundment land cover/use data set. Other data on the maps that were not automated include; elevation contours, water depth soundings, proposed water control structures (e.g., wing dams), levees, benchmarks, railroads, and city streets.The Mississippi River Commission maps were automated by the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center so a pre-impoundment/turn of the century land cover/use data set would be available for analysis.Descriptive text printed on the map series reads as follows: The Mississippi River and adjacent topography was reduced from detail maps, projected and drawn from surveys made under the direction of the Mississippi River Commission in the years 1880 to 1882, 1884, 1888, 1889, and 1891 to 1899 - expecting the part below the upper limits of Cairo, Ill., which was reduced from maps projected and drawn from surveys made under the direction of C.B.Comstock, Major, Corps of Engineers, Bvt. Brig. Genl., U.S.A., in the years 1876 and 1877. The remainder of the map was compiled from surveys of the Missouri River Commission; surveys of the Corps of Engineers, U.S.A.; U.S. Land surveys; Railroad surveys; State, County and Township maps and other reliable sources. Compiled and drawn under the direction of J.A.Ockerson, Principal Assistant Engineer, and C.W.Clark, Assistant Engineer, in the office of the Secretary of the Mississippi River Commission, by C.S.Clark, Assistant Engineer, H.A.H.d'Ailly and A.A.Aguirre.18900601ground conditionCompleteNone planned-90.403393-89.33946338.89206937.624326NoneLand CoverLand UseForestMarshWetlandsKMLNoneMississippi RiverUpper Mississippi RiverIllinoisIowaMinnesotaMissouriWisconsinAlthough these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty has been expressed or implied regarding the individual use of the data or aggregate use with other data, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty has been expressed or implied regarding the individual use of the data or aggregate use with other data, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.U.S. Geological Survey, Midwest RegionLarry R RobinsonCARTOGRAPHERmailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

LA CrosseWI54603608-781-6354608-783-6066lrobinson@usgs.govMississippi River Commission, US Army Corps of Engineers Upper Mississippi River Restoration- Environmental Management Program -- Long Term Resource Monitoring Program element and USGS's Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterEnvironment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2 (Build 3552) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A)No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not conducted.A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable.Unknown18900601Digital and/or Hardcopy ResourcesUnknownUnknownDigital and/or Hardcopy Resources1890050118951201ground conditionMRCBase MapsMylar overlays were laid on top of the commission maps and the boundaries between map land cover symbols were located and delineated. The information were automated using were the software program ArcInfo and an Altek digitizing tables (absolute accuracy 0.001 inch up to +/- 0.003 inch).19980105LCU polygons were converted to KML using Xtools v 92013VectorGT-polygon composed of chains1744NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N0.9996-93.00.0500000.00.0coordinate pair0.0000000022200241645009560.000000002220024164500956meterD North American 1983GRS 19806378137.0298.257222101lc_1890_or1Table containing attribute information associated with spatial dataProducer definedFIDInternal feature number.EsriSequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.ShapeFeature geometry.EsriCoordinates defining the features.LCU_C1AUnknownProducer defined11104LCU_C1BUnknownProducer definedAgUnknownProducer definedBlUnknownProducer definedCfUnknownProducer definedDfUnknownProducer definedFbBrUnknownProducer definedFoUnknownProducer definedGrUnknownProducer definedMchUnknownProducer definedMdUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedNchUnknownProducer definedOrUnknownProducer definedOsUnknownProducer definedSchUnknownProducer definedSdUnknownProducer definedTrUnknownProducer definedUkUnknownProducer definedUrUnknownProducer definedWdUnknownProducer definedWsUnknownProducer definedLCU_N1UnknownProducer definedAgricultureUnknownProducer definedBluffUnknownProducer definedClearing ForestUnknownProducer definedDeadening ForestUnknownProducer definedDikeUnknownProducer definedForbs/BrushUnknownProducer definedForestUnknownProducer definedGrassUnknownProducer definedMain ChannelUnknownProducer definedMudUnknownProducer definedNo CoverageUnknownProducer definedNon-ChannelUnknownProducer definedOpen SwampUnknownProducer definedOrchardUnknownProducer definedSandUnknownProducer definedSecondary ChannelUnknownProducer definedTributaryUnknownProducer definedUnknownUnknownProducer definedUrbanUnknownProducer definedWooded SwampUnknownProducer definedLCU_C2UnknownProducer definedAgUnknownProducer definedBlUnknownProducer definedCfUnknownProducer definedDfUnknownProducer definedDvUrUnknownProducer definedFbShUnknownProducer definedFoUnknownProducer definedGrUnknownProducer definedMdUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedOrUnknownProducer definedOsUnknownProducer definedOwMchUnknownProducer definedOwNchUnknownProducer definedOwSchUnknownProducer definedOwTrUnknownProducer definedSdUnknownProducer definedUkUnknownProducer definedWdUnknownProducer definedWsUnknownProducer definedLCU_N2UnknownProducer definedAgricultureUnknownProducer definedBluffUnknownProducer definedDeveloped - urbanUnknownProducer definedDikeUnknownProducer definedForbs and shrubsUnknownProducer definedForestUnknownProducer definedForest - clearingUnknownProducer definedForest - deadeningUnknownProducer definedGrassesUnknownProducer definedMudUnknownProducer definedNo coverageUnknownProducer definedOpen swampUnknownProducer definedOrchardUnknownProducer definedSandUnknownProducer definedUnknownUnknownProducer definedWater - main channelUnknownProducer definedWater - non-channelUnknownProducer definedWater - secondary channelUnknownProducer definedWater - tributaryUnknownProducer definedWooded SwampUnknownProducer definedLCU_DUnknownProducer definedAn area of elevation change or the boundary of the river's floodplainUnknownProducer definedAny open water area that is not classified as a river channel (includes lakes and ponds)UnknownProducer definedAreas containing mixtures of grasses and forbsUnknownProducer definedAreas covered with treesUnknownProducer definedAreas farmed for cropsUnknownProducer definedAreas not mapped by the Mississippi River Commission surveyorsUnknownProducer definedAreas of exposed mudUnknownProducer definedAreas of exposed sandUnknownProducer definedCities, towns, and industrial areasUnknownProducer definedCultivated fruit- or nut-bearing treesUnknownProducer definedEmergent vegetation (e.g., arrowhead, cattails, rushes) and rooted and floating aquatics (lotus and lilies)UnknownProducer definedForests growing in very wet situationsUnknownProducer definedForests that are dying due to management practices (i.e., girdling), flooding, fire, insects, or diseaseUnknownProducer definedLarge river channels that connect to the main channel, though carry less river flowUnknownProducer definedRivers or streams that drain into the Mississippi River or its backwatersUnknownProducer definedShrubby vegetation typically growing with mixed emergents, grasses, and forbsUnknownProducer definedSparse forests that may be the result of clear cuttingUnknownProducer definedThe river channel that carries most of the river flow (typically the navigation channel)UnknownProducer definedUnreadable map symbolUnknownProducer definedWing dams and side channel closing structures (used to direct river flow towards the navigation channel)UnknownProducer definedCLASS_31_CUnknownProducer definedAgUnknownProducer definedDmpUnknownProducer definedDvUnknownProducer definedFfUnknownProducer definedMdUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedOwUnknownProducer definedPnUnknownProducer definedSbUnknownProducer definedUfUnknownProducer definedWmUnknownProducer definedWmsUnknownProducer definedCLASS_31_NUnknownProducer definedAgricultureUnknownProducer definedDeep marsh perennialUnknownProducer definedDevelopedUnknownProducer definedFloodplain forestUnknownProducer definedMudUnknownProducer definedNo coverageUnknownProducer definedOpen waterUnknownProducer definedPlantationUnknownProducer definedSand barUnknownProducer definedUpland forestUnknownProducer definedWet meadowUnknownProducer definedWet meadow shrubUnknownProducer definedCLASS_31_DUnknownProducer definedAgriculture - all obviously cultivated fields (includes transitional or fallow fields that show evidence of tilling)UnknownProducer definedDeveloped - predominantly artificial in nature (e.g., urban areas, large farmsteads, industrial complexes)UnknownProducer definedEmergents - semipermanently flooded persistent (dominated by arrowhead, bur-reed, cattail, and/or pickerelweed)UnknownProducer definedGrasses - moist soil grasses (e.g., reed canary grass, rice cutgrass) with inclusions of mixed emergents and/or forbsUnknownProducer definedMud - mud flats (exposed mud at lower water levels)UnknownProducer definedNo coverage (includes no photo coverage and areas obscured by clouds or shadows)UnknownProducer definedOpen water - nonvegetated (includes river channels, lakes, and ponds)UnknownProducer definedSand - sand bar (typically found in and near the main channel, often associated with wing dams and islands)UnknownProducer definedShrubs - wet meadow shrubs (>25%, typically alder, dogwood, elder, false indigo and/or willow) occurring with mixed sedge and/or grasses/forbs understoryUnknownProducer definedTrees - commercially grown (includes evergreen and deciduous trees, orchards, and nurseries)UnknownProducer definedTrees - floodplain forest (predominantly silver maple, includes ash, cottonwood, black willow, elm, and/or river birch)UnknownProducer definedTrees - upland forest (associated with soils drier than a lowland forest, includes red and white oaks, hickories, and elm)UnknownProducer definedCLASS_15_CUnknownProducer definedAgUnknownProducer definedDmUnknownProducer definedDvUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedOwUnknownProducer definedSdMdUnknownProducer definedUfUnknownProducer definedWmUnknownProducer definedWtFoUnknownProducer definedWtShUnknownProducer definedCLASS_15_NUnknownProducer definedAgricultureUnknownProducer definedDeep marshUnknownProducer definedDevelopedUnknownProducer definedNo coverageUnknownProducer definedOpen waterUnknownProducer definedSand/mudUnknownProducer definedUpland forestUnknownProducer definedWet forestUnknownProducer definedWet meadowUnknownProducer definedWet shrubUnknownProducer definedCLASS_7_CUnknownProducer definedAgUnknownProducer definedDvUnknownProducer definedFoUnknownProducer definedMaUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedOwUnknownProducer definedSdMdUnknownProducer definedCLASS_7_NUnknownProducer definedAgricultureUnknownProducer definedDevelopedUnknownProducer definedForestUnknownProducer definedMarshUnknownProducer definedNo coverageUnknownProducer definedOpen waterUnknownProducer definedSand/mudUnknownProducer definedHNA_C1UnknownProducer defined118HNA_C2UnknownProducer definedAgUnknownProducer definedDvUnknownProducer definedMbHfUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedOwUnknownProducer definedSdMdUnknownProducer definedSpfEmpUnknownProducer definedSsUnknownProducer definedWmUnknownProducer definedWtFfUnknownProducer definedHNA_N1UnknownProducer definedAgricultureUnknownProducer definedDevelopedUnknownProducer definedMesic bottomland hardwood forestUnknownProducer definedNo coverageUnknownProducer definedOpen waterUnknownProducer definedSand/mudUnknownProducer definedSemipermanently flooded emergent perennialUnknownProducer definedShrub/scrubUnknownProducer definedWet floodplain forestUnknownProducer definedWet meadowUnknownProducer definedHYDRO_C1UnknownProducer defined014HYDRO_C2UnknownProducer definedIfFoUnknownProducer definedIfNfUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedPfNfUnknownProducer definedSFFUnknownProducer definedSfNfUnknownProducer definedSpfNfUnknownProducer definedStsNfUnknownProducer definedTfNfUnknownProducer definedTFSUnknownProducer definedHYDRO_NUnknownProducer definedInfrequently flooded forestUnknownProducer definedInfrequently flooded non-forestUnknownProducer definedn/aUnknownProducer definedPermanently flooded non-forestUnknownProducer definedSaturated soil non-forestUnknownProducer definedSeasonally flooded forestUnknownProducer definedSeasonally flooded non-forestUnknownProducer definedSemipermanently flooded non-forestUnknownProducer definedTemporarily flooded non-forestUnknownProducer definedTemporarily flooded shrubsUnknownProducer definedHYD_REG_CUnknownProducer definedIfUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedPfUnknownProducer definedSfUnknownProducer definedSpfUnknownProducer definedStsUnknownProducer definedTfUnknownProducer definedHYD_REG_NUnknownProducer definedInfrequently floodedUnknownProducer definedn/aUnknownProducer definedPermanently floodedUnknownProducer definedSaturated soilUnknownProducer definedSeasonally floodedUnknownProducer definedSemipermanently floodedUnknownProducer definedTemporarily floodedUnknownProducer definedLAND_WATERUnknownProducer definedLandUnknownProducer definedn/aUnknownProducer definedWaterUnknownProducer definedUSNVC_CUnknownProducer definedI.A.8.C.a.UnknownProducer definedI.B.2.N.a.UnknownProducer definedI.B.2.N.e.UnknownProducer definedIII.B.2.N.d.UnknownProducer definedn/aUnknownProducer definedNcUnknownProducer definedV.A.5.N.l.UnknownProducer definedV.A.5.N.m.UnknownProducer definedV.D.2.C.bUnknownProducer definedVII.C.2.N.c.UnknownProducer definedVII.C.4.N.c.UnknownProducer definedUSNVC_NUnknownProducer definedAnnual row-crop forbs or grassesUnknownProducer definedDefault to Anderson classificationUnknownProducer definedLowland or submontane cold-deciduous forestUnknownProducer definedNo coverageUnknownProducer definedPlantation (planted timber stands, Christmas trees)UnknownProducer definedSaturated temperate or subpolar grasslandUnknownProducer definedSeasonally flooded cold-deciduous forestUnknownProducer definedSeasonally/temporarily flooded mudflatsUnknownProducer definedSemipermanently flooded temperate or subpolar grasslandUnknownProducer definedTemporarily flooded cold-deciduous shrublandUnknownProducer definedTemporarily flooded sand flatsUnknownProducer definedShape_LengUnknownProducer defined62.26185371733008689.70891Shape_AreaUnknownProducer defined268.997799844734097610.869Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.PerimeterUnknownProducer defined62.2618537176497611.223121AreaUnknownProducer defined215.363037858292097875.377AcresUnknownProducer defined0.053217365623872178.9569209HectaresUnknownProducer defined0.021536303785829209.7875377U.S. Geological Survey, Midwest RegionJohn C NelsonBiologistmailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La CrosseWI54603US608-781-6370608-783-6066jcnelson@usgs.govDistributor assumes no liability for misuse of data.Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon)10.1http://umesc.usgs.gov/data_library/land_cover_use/1890s_lcu_mrc.htmlNone. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set.20150609U.S. Geological Survey, Midwest RegionJohn C NelsonBiologistmailing address

2630 Fanta Reed Road

LA CrosseWI54603608-781-6370608-783-6066jcnelson@usgs.govFGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial MetadataFGDC-STD-001-1998local time